Ali Bagherian Kalat; Gholamreza Lashkaripour; Mohammad Ghafoori; Naser Hafezi Moghadas; Gholamali Ghazanchian; Reza Ghafoorian
Abstract
In recent years, activities on trout fish farming is developed significantly in Ortakand River. Fish production may have huge impact on the river ecosystem if an environmental rule is neglected. This research was carried out in Ortakand River in Kalat city in Khorasan Razavi with the aim of investigation ...
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In recent years, activities on trout fish farming is developed significantly in Ortakand River. Fish production may have huge impact on the river ecosystem if an environmental rule is neglected. This research was carried out in Ortakand River in Kalat city in Khorasan Razavi with the aim of investigation of fish production projects effluent effect on the river water quality. Two fish farms and seven stations were selected and during one year in each season, water samples were collected. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory for determining some physic-chemical and biological parameters of water samples. The results showed that the average of these parameters were within a range between 13.3-15 °C of temperature, 7.9-8.1 of pH, 354-732 mmhos/cm of EC, 8.4-9.6 mg/L of DO, 1-3.7 and 2.5-13.9 mg/L of BOD5 and COD, respectively. The results showed that BOD5 and COD concentration had a significant increasing toward upstream (p<0.01), spatially. Meanwhile, amount of DO showed a significant decrease (p<0.01), temporaly. This research revealed that changes in concentration of BOD5, COD and DO were dominantly due to fluctuations of environmental conditions and activity rates of the farms. Although, the amount of COD and BOD5 in fish farms effluent in current situation are less than the standard environmental amount, but environmental impacts could be increased by activities of new fish farms,.
Reza Ghafoorian; Hossein Sanaeinejhad; Najafgholi Ghiasi; Abolghasem Dadrasi; Javad Eizi
Abstract
Determination of mean slope of a watershed area is an essential parameter in most of the water resources projects. There are many methods for determining this parameter. The methods frequently used can be listed as Justin, Networking, Horton, Eight points, Average slope curve and a Geographic Information ...
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Determination of mean slope of a watershed area is an essential parameter in most of the water resources projects. There are many methods for determining this parameter. The methods frequently used can be listed as Justin, Networking, Horton, Eight points, Average slope curve and a Geographic Information System (GIS). Generally experts based on their experiences use one of the mentioned methods. Investigations in some watershed areas showed that the results of applying the various methods are considerable different in a given area. In order to obtain the most accurate method, it is necessary to compare the results of experimental methods with the mean slope which is directly measured in the field, namely direct method. In this study, three regions were selected in different parts of Khorasan Province. For these regions topographic maps with large scales of 1:1000 to 1:3000 were prepared. Afterward seven mountain slopes were chosen in the regions and mean slope was computed for the slopes using the above mentioned methods. The mean slope was directly measured in the field for all seven mountain slopes as well. The obtained results from the various methods have been compared with the direct method by Paired-Samples T test. Analysis showed that the Horton method is the most accurate method with respect to the others. Justin and GIS methods are in next order of accuracy in comparison with the direct method.
Abdosaleh Rangavar; Gholamali Gezanchian; Hassan Angoshtari; Reza Ghafourian
Volume 1, Issue 4 , February 2010, , Pages 259-265
Abstract
The deposition of transported materials by flood water on soil surfaces in warm and arid region causes some changes in texture, structure, depth and fertility of the soil. According to the study of flood water spreading effect on physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, the study field of flood ...
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The deposition of transported materials by flood water on soil surfaces in warm and arid region causes some changes in texture, structure, depth and fertility of the soil. According to the study of flood water spreading effect on physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, the study field of flood water spreading of Jajarm in North Khorasan province was chosen. This area has located on alluvial fan with 0.75- 1% slop, 146.3 millimeter mean annual rainfall, arid and extra arid climate. For the period of 4 years (1995-1999), the soil samples were collected from recognizable A and C horizons and the depth of 0-30 centimeter (plow layer) from 7 profiles at three primary strips. The quantity of effective parameters on soil characteristics was determined in laboratory. This process was repeated after three times flood water spreading. Obtained data were analyzed: I) by t-student test to compare different properties of soil before and after flood spreading. II) by split plot procedure with three replicates to compare the whole effects at flood water spreading. The samples variance analysis showed that flood water spreading was effective on sand ratio, clay, organic matter, bicarbonate (p<0.05) and was effective too on Ca, Mg, Cl, Na, SAR and EC (p<0.01). There was a significant difference between the samples before and after spreading of flood water. Comparing the average mean of factors including soil salinity, Ca and Mg on A, C and plow layer before and after flood water spreading showed only different between plowing layers, also results showed that the sand to clay ratio and silt in a horizon were decreased. Flood water spreading had no more effect on the other soil characteristics.
